The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Ignorance of the causes, and original constitution of right, equity,
law, and justice, disposeth a man to make custom and example the rule of
his actions; in such manner, as to think that unjust which it hath been
the custom to punish; and that just, of the impunity and approbation
whereof they can produce an example, or, as the lawyers which only use
this false measure of justice barbarously call it, a precedent; like
little children, that have no other rule of good and evil manners, but
the correction they receive from their parents and masters; save that
children are constant to their rule, whereas, men are not so; because
grown old, and stubborn, they appeal from custom to reason, and from
reason to custom, as it serves their turn; receding from custom when
their interest requires it, and setting themselves against reason, as
oft as reason is against them: which is the cause, that the doctrine of
right and wrong, is perpetually disputed, both by the pen and the sword:
whereas the doctrine of lines, and figures, is not so; because men care
not, in that subject, what be truth, as a thing that crosses no man’s
ambition, profit or lust. For I doubt not, but if it had been a thing
contrary to any man’s right of dominion, or to the interest of men that
have dominion, _that the three angles of a triangle, should be equal to
two angles of a square_; that doctrine should have been, if not
disputed, yet by the burning of all books of geometry, suppressed, as
far as he whom it concerned was able.
[Sidenote: Adherence to private men, from ignorance of the causes of
peace.]
Ignorance of remote causes, disposeth men to attribute all events, to
the causes immediate, and instrumental: for these are all the causes
they perceive. And hence it comes to pass, that in all places, men that
are grieved with payments to the public, discharge their anger upon the
publicans, that is to say, farmers, collectors, and other officers of
the public revenue; and adhere to such as find fault with the public
government; and thereby, when they have engaged themselves beyond hope
of justification, fall also upon the supreme authority, for fear of
punishment, or shame of receiving pardon.
[Sidenote: Credulity, from ignorance of nature.]
Ignorance of natural causes, disposeth a man to credulity, so as to
believe many times impossibilities: for such know nothing to the
contrary, but that they may be true; being unable to detect the
impossibility. And credulity, because men like to be hearkened unto in
company, disposeth them to lying: so that ignorance itself without
malice, is able to make a man both to believe lies, and tell them; and
sometimes also to invent them.
[Sidenote: Curiosity to know, from care of future time.]
Anxiety for the future time, disposeth men to inquire into the causes of
things: because the knowledge of them, maketh men the better able to
order the present to their best advantage.
[Sidenote: Natural religion from the same.]