7. But seeing in this case there passeth no covenant, the breach of this law of nature is not to be called _injury_. It hath another name, to wit, _ingratitude_. [Sidenote: It is a law of nature, to endeavour to accommodate one another.] 8. It is also a law of nature, _That every man do help and endeavour to accommodate each other as far as may be, without danger of their persons, and loss of their means, to maintain and defend themselves_. For seeing the causes of war and desolation proceed from those passions, by which we strive to accommodate ourselves, and to leave others as far as we can behind us, it followeth, that that passion by which we strive mutually to accommodate each other, must be the cause of peace. And this passion is that charity defined chapter IX. section 17. [Sidenote: And that man forgive, upon caution for the future.] 9. And in this precept of nature, is included and comprehended also this, _That a man forgive and pardon him that hath done him wrong, upon his repentance and caution for the future_. For _pardon_ is peace granted to him, that, having provoked to war, demandeth it. It is not therefore charity, but fear, when a man giveth peace to him that repenteth not, nor giveth caution for maintaining thereof in the time to come. For he that repenteth not, remaineth with the affection of an enemy; as also doth he that refuseth to give caution, and consequently, is presumed not to seek after peace, but advantage. And therefore to forgive him is not commanded in this law of nature, nor is charity, but may sometime be prudence. Otherwise, not to pardon upon repentance and caution, considering men cannot abstain from provoking one another, is never to give _peace_. And that is against the general definition of the law of nature. [Sidenote: And that revenge ought to respect the future only.] 10. And seeing the law of nature commandeth pardon, when there is repentance and caution for the future, it followeth, that the same law ordaineth, _That no revenge be taken upon the consideration only of the offence past, but of the benefit to come_; that is to say, that all revenge ought to tend to amendment, either of the person offending, or of others, by the example of his punishment; which is sufficiently apparent, in that the law of nature commandeth pardon, where the future time is secured. The same is also apparent by this, that revenge when it considereth the offence past, is nothing else, but present triumph and glory, and directeth to no end: and what is directed to no end, is therefore unprofitable; and consequently the triumph of revenge, is vain glory: and whatsoever is vain, is against reason; and to hurt one another without reason, is contrary to that, which by supposition is every man’s benefit, namely peace; and what is contrary to peace, is contrary to the law of nature. [Sidenote: That reproach and contempt declared is against the law of nature.]