The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
divine perfection, to attribute to it potentiality, that is (in English)
power, and successive duration; for such attributes are often given to
it in the Scripture.
(_h_) “He saith moreover, that ‘he understands as little how it can be
true which I say, that God is not just, but justice itself, nor eternal,
but eternity itself’. It seems, howsoever he be versed in this question,
that he hath not troubled his head over-much with reading
School-divines, or metaphysicians.” They are unseemly words to be said
of God: I will not say, blasphemous and atheistical, which are the
attributes he gives to my opinions, because I do not think them spoken
out of an evil mind, but out of error: they are, I say, unseemly words
to be said of God, that he is not just, that he is not eternal, and (as
he also said) that he is not wise; and cannot be excused by any
following _but_, especially when the _but_ is followed by that which is
not to be understood. Can any man understand how justice is just, or
wisdom wise? and whereas justice is an accident, one of the moral
virtues, and wisdom another; how God is an accident or moral virtue? It
is more than the Schoolmen or metaphysicians can understand; whose
writings have troubled my head more than they should have done, if I had
known that amongst so many senseless disputes, there had been so few
lucid intervals. But I have considered since, where men will undertake
to reason out of natural philosophy of the incomprehensible nature of
God, that it is impossible they should speak intelligibly, or in other
language than metaphysic, wherein they may contradict themselves, and
not perceive it; as he does here, when he says, “the attributes of God
are not diverse virtues or qualities in him, as they are in the
creatures, but really one and the same with the divine essence and
amongst themselves, and attributed to God to supply the defect of our
capacity”. Attributes are names; and therefore it is a contradiction, to
say they are really one and the same with the divine essence. But if he
mean the virtues signified by the attributes, as justice, wisdom,
eternity, divinity, &c; so also they are virtues, and not one virtue,
(which is still a contradiction); and we give those attributes to God,
not to shew that we apprehend how they are in him, but to signify how we
think it best to honour him.