But if one have sworn contrary to a former oath, he may pretend: That he was forced: that he was deceived; and that neither of these is _perjury_, since _perjury_ is voluntary. But if the adversary do so, he may say: That he that stands not to what he hath _sworn_, subverteth human society. And (turning to the judge): What reason have we to require, that you should be _sworn_ that judge our cause; when we will not stand to that we _swear_ ourselves? And so much for _proofs inartificial_. BOOK II. ========== CHAPTER I. THE INTRODUCTION. Of _belief_ proceeding from our _invention_, that part which consisteth in _proof_ is already spoken of. The other two parts follow; whereof one ariseth from the _manners_ of the _speaker_, the other from the _passions_ of the _hearer_. The _principles_, _colours_, or _common opinions_ upon which a man’s belief is grounded concerning the manners of him that speaks, are to be had, partly out of that which hath before been said of _virtue_ (Book I. chap. 9); partly out of those things which shall be said by-and-by concerning the _passions_. For a man is _believed_, either for his _prudence_ or for his _probity_, which are _virtues_; or for _good will_, of which among the _passions_. The _principles_ concerning belief, arising from the passion of the hearer, are to be gathered from that which shall now be said of the several passions in order. In every one of which, three things are to be considered. 1. First, _how_ men are affected. 2. Secondly, _towards whom_. 3. Thirdly, _for what_. ========== CHAPTER II. OF ANGER. _Anger_ is desire of revenge, joined with grief, for that he, or some of his, is, or seems to be, _neglected_. The object of anger is always some particular or individual thing. In anger there is also pleasure proceeding from the imagination of revenge to come. To _neglect_, is to esteem little or nothing; and of three kinds: 1 _Contempt_, 2 _Crossing_, 3 _Contumely_. _Contempt_, is when a man thinks another of little worth in comparison to himself. _Crossing_, is the hinderance of another man’s will without design to profit himself. _Contumely_, is the disgracing of another for his own pastime. The _common opinions_ concerning anger are therefore such as follow. They are easily angry, that think they are neglected. That think they excel others; as the rich with the poor; the noble with the obscure, &c. And such as think they deserve well. And such as grieve to be hindered, opposed, or not assisted; and therefore sick men, poor men, lovers, and generally all that desire and attain not, are angry with those that, standing by, are not moved by their wants. And such as having expected good, find evil.