The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 06 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Those that men are angry with, are: such as mock, deride, or jest at
them. And such as shew any kind of contumely towards them. And such as
despise those things which we spend most labour and study upon; and the
more, by how much we seem the less advanced therein. And our friends,
rather than those that are not our friends. And such as have honoured
us, if they continue not. And such as requite not our courtesy. And such
as follow contrary courses, if they be our inferiors. And our friends,
if they have said or done us evil, or not good. And such as give not ear
to our entreaty. And such as are joyful or calm in our distress. And
such as troubling us, are not themselves troubled. And such as willingly
hear or see our disgraces. And such as neglect us in the presence of our
competitors, of those we admire, of those we would have admire us, of
those we reverence, and of those that reverence us. And such as should
help us, and neglect it. And such as are in jest, when we are in
earnest. And such as forget us, or our names.
An orator therefore must so frame his judge or auditor by his oration,
as to make him apt to _anger_: and then make his adversary appear such
as men use to be _angry withal_.
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CHAPTER III.
OF RECONCILING, OR PACIFYING ANGER.
_Reconciliation_ is the appeasing of anger.
Those to whom men are easily reconciled, are: such as have not offended
out of neglect. And such as have done it against their will. And such as
wish done the contrary of what they have done. And such as have done as
much to themselves. And such as confess and repent. And such as are
humbled. And such as do seriously the same things, that they do
seriously. And such as have done them more good heretofore, than now
hurt. And such as sue to them for any thing. And such as are not
insolent, nor mockers, nor slighters of others in their own disposition.
And generally such as are of a contrary disposition to those whom men
are usually angry withal. And such as they fear or reverence. And such
as reverence them. And such as have offended their anger.
_Reconcileable_ are: such as are contrarily affected to those, whom we
have said before to be easily angry. And such as play, laugh, make
merry, prosper, live in plenty; and, in sum, all that have no cause of
grief. And such as have given their anger time.
Men lay down their anger for these causes. Because they have gotten the
victory. Because the offender has suffered more than they meant to
inflict. Because they have been revenged of another. Because they think
they suffer justly. And because they think the revenge will not be felt,
or not known that the revenge was theirs, and for such an injury. And
because the offender is dead.