The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
And first, you object that equality and inequality are in the same
predicament: a pretty argument to flesh a young scholar in the logic
school, that but now begins to learn the predicaments. But what do you
mean by _æquale_ and _inequale_? Do you mean _corpus æquale_, and
_corpus inequale_? They are both in the predicament of substance,
neither of them in that of quantity. Or do you mean _æqualitas_ and
_inæqualitas_? They are both in the predicament of relation, neither of
them in that of quantity; and yet both _corpus_ and _inæqualitas_,
though neither of them be quantity, may be _quanta_, that is, both of
them have quantity. And when men say body is quantity, or inequality is
quantity, they are no otherwise understood, than if they had said
_corpus est tantum_, and _inæqualitas tanta_, not _tantitas_; that is,
bodies and inequalities are _so much_, not _somuchness_; and all
intelligent men are contented with that expression, and yourselves use
it. And the quantity of inequality is in the predicament of quantity,
because the measure of it is in that line by which one quantity exceeds
the other. But when neither exceedeth the other, then there is no line
of excess, or defect by which the equality can be measured, or said to
be _so much_, or be called quantity. Philosophy teacheth us how to range
our words; but Aristotle’s ranging them in his predicaments doth not
teach philosophy; and therefore no argument taken from thence, can
become a doctor and a professor of geometry.
To prove that the proportion of inequality was quantity, but the
proportion of equality not quantity, my argument was this: that _because
one inequality may be greater or less than another, but one equality
cannot be greater nor less than another: therefore inequality hath
quantity, or is tanta, and equality not_. Here you come in again with
your predicaments, and object, that to be susceptible of _magis_ and
_minus_, belongs not to quantity, but to quality; but without any proof,
as if you took it for an axiom. But whether true or false, you
understand not in what sense it is true or false. It is true that one
inequality is inequality, _as well_ as another; as one heat is heat _as
well_ as another, but not _as great_. _Tam_, but not _tantus_. But so it
is also in the predicament of quantity; one line is as well a line as
another, but not so great. All degrees, intentions, and remissions of
quality, are greater or less quantity of force, and measured by lines,
superficies, or solid quantity, which are properly in the predicament of
quantity. You see how wise a thing it is to argue from the predicaments
of Aristotle, which you understand not; and yet you pretend to be less
addicted to the authority of Aristotle now than heretofore.