Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
John Stuart Mill · en
In a few cases[59] hexagonal figures occur in the decoration of
the urns, but the patterns do not belong to the true hexagonal
system of ornament. The hexagons were arrived at by leaving a space
between the triangles of the chevrons, as on a drinking-cup found at
Rhosbeirio,[60] Anglesey.
[59] Ll. Jewitt’s _Grave-Mounds and their Contents_, p. 108. Folkton,
Yorkshire.
[60] _Archæologia Cambrensis_, 3rd ser., vol. xiv., p. 271; _British
Barrows_, p. 70.
The decoration of the urns is generally confined to the exterior, the
only exceptions being the interiors of the lips of some of the examples
and the crosses in relief found on the bottoms inside of cinerary urns
from Wilts, Dorset, and Sussex.
The incense-cups have occasionally ornament on the bottoms of them
which, like the crosses just mentioned, may have a symbolical
significance.
Some of the urns from Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man, are very
beautifully decorated with sunk triangles and ovals.
The different types of urns are not all equally highly ornamented. The
large flower-pot-shaped cinerary urns have least decoration, being
sometimes quite plain, but in the majority of cases having a broad
band of ornament round the top. The drinking-cups are more elaborately
decorated than any other class of sepulchral pottery, although the
food-vessels are also nearly as ornate.
The artistic quality of the decoration varies in different parts of
Great Britain. Some of the most beautiful examples come from localities
where there was a great mixture of aboriginal blood with that of the
Celtic invaders, and it is not unlikely that the infusion of new blood
may have had something to do with the excellence of the art.
The chevron, although it was more highly developed as a decorative
art-motive in the Bronze Age than at any other period, was not unknown
to the Neolithic inhabitants of Great Britain, and it is more than
probable that the Goidelic Celts got the idea from them. Several
shallow vessels with a band of chevron ornament round the rim were
found in the chambered cairn at Unstan,[61] Orkney, which is of the
later Stone Age. This particular chevron pattern occurs frequently in
the Bronze Age. Each of the triangles formed by the chevron is filled
in with hatched lines running diagonally, but alternately in directions
at right angles to each other (Fig. 4, _d_, p. 30). The pattern had
no doubt a structural origin, and was suggested by lashing of the
description used for the hafting of stone axes, or by some similar
bandaging of cords.[62]
[61] Dr. J. Anderson’s _Scotland in Pagan Times: Bronze and Stone
Ages_, p. 294.
[62] Prof. A. C. Haddon’s _Evolution in Art_, p. 87.
A similar chevron pattern is to be seen on a bowl from the Dolmen du
Port-Blanc, Saint Pierre, Quiberon, Morbihan, Brittany.[63] Possibly
this may be the survival of a strengthening band of basketwork round
the vessel.
[63] Paul du Chatellier’s _La Poterie aux Époques préhistorique et
Gauloise_, pl. 12, fig. 12.