Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
John Stuart Mill · en
Some of the finest examples of jet necklaces have been found with
Bronze Age burials in Scotland, as at Balcalk, Forfarshire; Tayfield,
Fife; Torrish, Sutherlandshire;[69] Assynt, Ross-shire;[70] Melfort,
and Argyllshire. They have also been found occasionally in England, as
at Middleton Moor,[71] Derbyshire.
The beads of which the necklaces are composed are of three different
shapes, ovoid, flat triangular plates, and four-sided flat plates.
The flat beads are decorated with chevrons, triangles, and lozenges
produced by rows of dots. Here again we have an instance of a kind of
decoration which survived in Christian times.
The last class of remains exhibiting Bronze Age decoration are the
sculptured rocks and stones. Some of the carvings are found on natural
rock surfaces and boulders; others on such megalithic monuments as
stone circles, dolmens, and chambered cairns; whilst numerous examples
are on the slabs forming the covers or sides of sepulchral cists.
[69] Dr. J. Anderson’s _Scotland in Pagan Times: Bronze and Stone
Ages_, pp. 53, 55, and 56.
[70] Daniel Wilson’s _Prehistoric Annals of Scotland_.
[71] Bateman’s _Ten Years’ Diggings_, p. 25.
Although the megalithic structures called by the late Mr. James
Ferguson “rude stone monuments” undoubtedly belong as a class to the
Neolithic period, yet some of them exhibit decorative forms which
are characteristic of the Bronze Age. This suggests the interesting
speculation whether the ornamental patterns used by the Celts in the
Bronze Age may not have been to a large extent borrowed from the
Neolithic aborigines, and also whether the absorption of the Iberian
peoples by the conquering Goidels may not have had a stimulating effect
on decorative art.
However this may be, it is a curious fact that the best specimens of
Bronze Age ornament sculptured on stone exist in the Co. Meath, in
Ireland, where such an admixture of race would be most likely to occur,
and the type of monument on which the carvings are found belongs to
the Neolithic period. In Ireland, therefore, either the erection of
dolmens, chambered cairns, and other similar structures must have
survived during the Bronze Age, or else the characteristic patterns of
the Bronze Age must have been derived from a Neolithic source.
The wonderful series of chambered cairns at Newgrange, near Drogheda,
and at Sliabh na Calliaghe, near Oldcastle, both in the Co. Meath,
have been well known to archæologists for many years, but it is only
quite recently that their decorative sculpture has been studied
scientifically by Mr. George Coffey, M.R.I.A., the Curator of the
Museum of the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin. The following account has
been compiled chiefly from Mr. Coffey’s admirable monographs on the
subject, published in the _Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy_.[72]
[72] Vol. xxx., p. 1.