Craft-guilds of the thirteenth century in Paris — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Craft-guilds of the thirteenth century in Paris
John Stuart Mill · en
“The _prud’hommes_ of the said gild beg that they be relieved from (the
duty of) the watch, if it please the King, on account of the fine clothes
which they have to make and keep over night which belong to gentlemen,
and on account of the large number of strange workmen whom they could not
entirely trust to take care of things, and because they have to cut and
sew clothes for gentlemen both day and night in view of the gentlemen and
strangers going away at once, and because they have to return the garment
which they make in the evening, on the morning of the next day.”
The old-clothes dealers have two intimate and vivid articles. Art. 33:
“No one who is 60 years old, nor those whose wives are with child, so
long as they be ill, and no one who has been bled, if he has not been
summoned before he had himself bled, and no one who is going out of the
city, if he has not been summoned before he goes out, need to share the
watch. But they must inform him who has charge of the watch for the King,
by means of their men or their neighbors.”
Art. 34: “And the _prud’hommes_ of the gild say that they are grieved
that, for 10 years back, those who have charge of the guard for the King,
have not been willing to receive the excuse from the above-mentioned
service from their neighbors and their workmen, but make come their wives
themselves, either fair or ugly, either young or old, or feeble or fat,
to convey the excuse to the lord, a thing which is most ugly and most
grievous—that a woman should stay and sit at the Châtelet from curfew so
long as the watch is out, and then go away with her son or her daughter,
or without either of them, through strange streets to her home, and
through this message-bearing wrong, sin, yea, villainy has been done.”
_Confrérie_ is a word not very widely used in the _Livre_. Seventeen of
the gilds display this organism. It served to systematize the religious
impulses of the gild-men’s lives and also to control the benevolent
activities of the older structure. The tablet-makers require all salaried
workers to join the _Confrérie_, and at a death in the gild, a man or
woman from each workshop must follow the corpse or pay a fine of ½ pound
of wax. The _confrérie_ usually centered its activity in a church or
chapel in the district where most of the members lived. The _confrérie_
of the furriers and the upholsterers shared _l’Église des Innocents_;
the masons attended the _Chapelle de St. Bleive_; the bakers _St. Pierre
aux Liens_, and the wine-merchants and brass-shield makers St. Léonard’s
chapel of church _St. Merri_. The confraternity usually put itself under
the protection of a particular saint. The goldsmiths chose _St. Éloi_,
and the confraternity had a seal inscribed “Sigillum confratrie sancti
Elegii auri fabrorum.”