Dreams of an astronomer — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Dreams of an astronomer
John Stuart Mill · en
One of the finest achievements of astronomy is having made man a
citizen of the heavens. The planet which we inhabit is a heavenly body,
just as is Venus, Mars, or Jupiter, and far from occupying the centre
of creation, it lies in the depths of infinite space as do the most
distant stars of the Milky Way. Venus possesses no more light of her
own than does the Earth; she simply receives the rays of the Sun and
sheds them into space as the Moon does. Take, for instance, a small
finder telescope and direct it towards Venus; you will see the form
of a crescent. It is no longer Venus, but Diana. Take a rather more
powerful telescope, and you will see that the border of this crescent
is not regular, and the southern pole is blunted and rounded, while the
northern pole is pointed. On increasing the power of your instrument
you will perceive the atmosphere by the gradual transition between the
illuminated hemisphere and the dark hemisphere, or by the blinding
clouds and light shadows which fleck its disc.
If you go still farther and give yourself the pains and the pleasure
of doing a few astronomical calculations, you will see that the
diameter of its globe is just the same as that of the Earth--within one
thousandth part!--but that Venus is a little lighter than the Earth,
its density being only four-fifths of ours, whence it results that
objects weigh a little less on its surface than they would on ours:
1,000 grammes transported on Venus would only weigh 880 grammes; on
Mars they would weigh even less, viz. 376 grammes; and even less on the
Moon, viz. 165 grammes. We are very heavy down here.
Astronomy alone teaches us that this young sister of ours is in
communication with us, not only by means of light, but also by
attraction, and that space, so far from being a separation between
worlds, is a real link, an invisible hyphen. For example, when the
distance between us and Venus is 25 million miles, light only takes 2½
minutes to cross that distance. Is that a serious separation? Even in
France a telegram, in spite of its name, takes more than an hour to be
delivered a few hundred miles away, on account of intermediate links.
If astronomers ever succeeded in establishing celestial telegraphy,
communication would be much more rapid between one world and another
than between one part of modern Babylon and another. An interplanetary
telephone would be almost instantaneous.
* * * * *
If the luminous beams from Venus to the Earth only take two or three
minutes to reach us, according to its proximity, the attraction between
the two planets is transmitted still more rapidly, for it does not
even take a whole second. And just think! At the distance of millions
of miles we feel the mysterious influence of Venus, we abandon for a
moment the regular course of our orbit round the Sun to follow in her
path. Celestial mechanics calculates this displacement and accounts for
it in its determinations.