Dreams of an astronomer — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Dreams of an astronomer
John Stuart Mill · en
If the Sun were not the strongest, the two sister-planets, Earth and
Venus, would gradually approach each other and would graze one another
like two dragon-flies roaming together through the fields of the sky.
But fortunately for us, the omnipotent Sun soon resumes its rights, and
everything is restored back to order.
The years of Venus are shorter than ours. Their precise duration
is 224 days 16 hours 49 minutes 8 seconds. We do not yet know the
diurnal rotation, i.e. the length of its days. According to certain
observations, this appears to be about 24 hours, while others indicate
that this planet does not turn upon its axis at all, or rather, that
its rotation is equal to its revolution and that it always turns the
same side towards the Sun.
It is extremely difficult to determine its rotation, for two reasons.
Firstly, because its atmosphere is very dense and always full of
clouds, so that it is impossible to make out its geography and to
follow in the telescope the displacement of its surface details; this
is so easily done in the case of Mars, whose atmosphere is always
clear, and whose rotation is known with perfect accuracy, its period
being 24 hours 37 minutes 22½ seconds. The second reason is the
difficulty presented by the phases of Venus. The closer the planet
approaches us in its orbit round the Sun, the more does its disc
apparently grow in size and the less we see of its surface, because it
at the same time passes between the Sun and us, so that its illuminated
hemisphere, being naturally turned towards the Sun which illuminates
it, is hidden from us.
My personal observations lead me to believe that the period of rotation
is about 24 hours. At the Juvisy observatory we have often observed
and photographed snowy patches in the north and south, probably
marking the extremes of an axis and therefore a rotation.
This special point is not yet decided. It is quite possible that the
days are very long there, or rather, that they last for ever--perpetual
day on one side and perpetual night on the other side. That would make
it a very singular world. On one side light, heat, and life; on the
other, the icy coldness of death. Some might choose for their abode
perpetual sunlight; others might prefer a night illuminated perhaps by
electric light; yet others might prefer to dwell in the dawn or the
twilight. Beautiful Venus would then have one hemisphere in perpetual
night and one in perpetual day. How strange! How our worlds must differ
in the form of their organisms and the nature of their inhabitants!
* * * * *