Spiritualism and the New Psychology: An Explanation of Spiritualist Phenomena and Beliefs in Terms of Modern Knowledge — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Spiritualism and the New Psychology: An Explanation of Spiritualist Phenomena and Beliefs in Terms of Modern Knowledge
John Stuart Mill · en
'Whilst they were looking and wondering, my wife's sister, Miss
Towns, came into the room, and before either of the others had time
to speak, she exclaimed, "Good gracious! Do you see Papa?" One of
the housemaids happened to be passing downstairs at the moment and
she was called in, and asked if she saw anything, and her reply was
"Oh, Miss: the master." Graham--Captain Towns' old
body-servant--was then sent for, and he also exclaimed, "Oh, Lord
save us! Mrs. Lett, it's the Captain!" The butler was called, and
then Mrs. Crane, my wife's nurse, and they both said what they
saw. Finally Mrs. Towns was sent for, and, seeing the apparition,
she advanced towards it ... as she passed her hand over the panel
of the wardrobe the figure gradually faded away, and never again
appeared.
'These are the facts of the case, and they admit of no deceit; no
kind of intimation was given to any of the witnesses; the same
question was put to each one as they came into the room, and the
reply was given without hesitation by each.
'Mrs. Lett is positive that the recognition of the appearance on
the part of each of the later witnesses was _independent_, and not
due to any suggestion from the persons already in the room.'
Then follows a statement by two of the witnesses that this account is
correct.
In the lapse of twelve years between the incident and its narration a
story of this nature would have been re-told many times, and we know
what happens under such conditions. As the tale is given, however, it
reveals more than the narrator thinks it does.
Most interesting is the denial of suggestion when we have present all
the factors necessary for suggestion of the most powerful kind. Picture
Miss Towns coming into the room whilst the first two were 'looking and
wondering' (and not in silence, we may be sure, in spite of the words
'before either of the others had time to speak', which are interpolated
to strengthen the story); she straightway experiences the same emotion
as do the others and sees what they see. Now we have three emotional
people, and as each new witness is brought along the emotion increases
till it would require a very self-possessed and sceptical person to
resist its influence. The butler and the nurse simply _had_ to see the
ghost, though the account is a little ambiguous at that point.
'The same question was put to each one as they came into the room', but
is it likely that under such a condition of excitement enough
self-control was left to every individual to ensure that the same
question, _and nothing else_, was put to each newcomer? Such a thing
could only happen by careful pre-arrangement, which was lacking here,
and the writer's insistence shows that somewhere in his mind was present
the suspicion that suggestion had a hand in the production of the
unanimous evidence.