The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal
John Stuart Mill · en
"As hungry as a bear" is an expression of variable meaning. About one
third of the year a bear has an omnivorous appetite; for another four
months he lives on short rations; and during the remainder of the year
he goes on a food strike and hibernates.
A bear spends most of his waking hours making a living. He has simply a
devastating appetite, and as his taste runs to small stuff and dainties,
he is kept on the move.
[Illustration: MEXICAN GRIZZLIES
_Group in the Field Columbian Museum_]
If he denned high up the mountain-side his surroundings are likely to be
mostly snow-covered when he comes forth in the spring. Under such
conditions he travels miles down the mountains to feed on the early
plants already started on the low-lands. He may then slowly follow
spring and summer in their steady advance up the far-reaching slopes. To
a certain extent his movements are determined by the calendar. He feeds
upon the best the season affords. He knows when each article of diet is
in season and where in his home territory, or out of it, this abounds.
In berry time look for a bear in a berry-patch. Like an enthusiastic
fisherman he impatiently waits for the open season--spawning-time--and
is on hand early to start fishing.
Perhaps it would be well if we could think of the grizzly as being
largely vegetarian. He digs up roots; feeds on weeds, tender shoots of
shrubbery, fungi, mushrooms, berries, seeds, rose-hips, pine-nuts, and
acorns; and also eats bark like a rabbit and grass like a grass-eater.
The aspens were in bloom, laden with swollen buds and juicy catkins.
Many birds were feasting on the catkins; and, looking over into a
near-by aspen thicket, I saw a grizzly on a ledge also feeding eagerly.
Reaching for a limb, first with one fore paw and then the other, he bit
off a few inches and ate twigs, bark, and bloom. Occasionally he seized
the top of an aspen with both paws, bent it down, and bit it off. It was
similar to the fashion followed in eating wild plums and choke-cherries.
A bear will reach up and pull down the top of a plum tree, and, biting
it off, eat the small limbs, the bark, the leaves, and the fruit. A
grizzly browsing in a wild raspberry-patch will bite off the tops of the
vines together with the berries, the leaves, and the thorns. Sometimes
the twigs and terminal buds of the pine, the fir, and the spruce are
eaten.
One day I saw a grizzly approaching in a manner which indicated that he
knew exactly where he was going. On arriving at an alder clump by the
brook he at once began tearing off the bark and eating it. On another
occasion I watched a bear strip nearly all the bark within reach from a
young balsam fir. I have often seen places where bears had bitten and
torn chunks of bark from aspens and cottonwoods. Though they also tear
the bark from pine and spruce trees, I do not believe that this is eaten
as frequently as the bark of the broad-leaved trees.