The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs
John Stuart Mill · en
“wool-halls,” combining a residence for the merchant with a warehouse
for his wools, worsteds, and “pieces.” Very high wages were earned by
the workpeople, even by children and old persons. It has been estimated
that, at the middle of last century, not less than 20,000 hands in and
around Colchester were employed in the woollen trade; but by the end of
the century the number had sunk to less than 8,000. Many old persons
still living can remember their parents’ or grand-parents’ accounts of
the festivities on St. Blaize’s Day, the 3rd of February, when there
were processions in mediæval fashion, with shepherdess and lamb, and men
and women spinning and weaving, accompanied by a great deal of noise and
fun, bell-ringing and band-playing, ribbons and banners, roystering and
drinking. In the evening bonfires were lit upon the hills to commemorate
(as the common people thought) the name of their patron, St. Blaize. The
weaving of bunting for ships’ flags lingered in and around Sudbury until
about twenty years ago, but has now quite died out in East Anglia. The
RAM, at North Woolwich, perhaps, represents the crest of the
Clothworkers’ Company.[65] Our six examples of the sign of the LAMB may,
or may not, have had an heraldic origin. They probably represent the
Lamb with the flag of the Apocalypse; but this was used as a crest by
the Merchant Taylors’ Company.[66] The farthing issued in 1654 by “Tho.
Lambe at Bvttls Gate in Colchester” bears a _Holy Lamb couchant_, and
that of “Joseph Lamb of Lee [Leigh], 1664,” bears the same device. In
both cases a rebus or pun on the name of the issuer is, of course,
intended. The LAMBS at *Colchester and *Romford are both at least sixty
years old. Probably the sign was first set up as an emblem of the
woollen trade. The five instances in which the Lamb occurs in
conjunction with a Lion have already been noticed (p. 63), and attention
has also been drawn to the fact (p. 23) that some, at least, of our
SHIPS are probably intended for _sheep_. The SHOULDER OF MUTTON, which
occurs both at Great Totham and Fordham, probably represents the joint
so often brought to table.