The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Trade Signs of Essex: A popular account of the origin and meanings of the public houses & other signs
John Stuart Mill · en
The sign of the SEA HORSE, which has existed at *Colchester for at least
sixty years past, is not noticed by Larwood and Hotten. Very likely it
commemorates the capture in the Colne, and subsequent exhibition in the
town, of some such strange creature as a seal or porpoise, which vulgar
belief set down as a “sea horse.”
The sign of the DOLPHIN occurs four times in the county, namely, at
*Colchester, *Chelmsford, Maldon, and *Romford. The animal also figures
as a beer-house sign at Stisted, Goldhanger, &c. The houses bearing it
may have taken their sign from the many representations of the dolphin
in private coats of arms; but, most likely, they have simply been called
after the famous DOLPHIN Inn which existed in London for several
centuries, and is said to have been occupied by Louis, the Dauphin of
France, who, in 1216, came over to contest the English crown with King
John. It was once adorned with fleurs-de-lys, dolphins, and other French
cognizances. The dolphin formed the badge of the Dauphins of France,
just as the three ostrich feathers form the badge of our own Princes of
Wales. Larwood and Hotten do not notice the sign of the WHALEBONE of
which Essex possesses four examples, namely, at Woodham Ferrers,
*Colchester, Fingringhoe, and White Roothing. That at the latter place
has apparently been in existence for at least a century, as it is
mentioned more than once in the _Chelmsford Chronicle_ in the year 1786,
while the one at Colchester figured in the list as the OLD WHALEBONE
forty years ago. The FISHBONE, however, spoken of by Larwood and Hotten
as being “rarely met with as a public-house sign,” though frequently
used by dealers in rags and bones, is probably the same sign under a
different name. In the museum at Saffron Walden there has been, for
nearly fifty years past, a large whale’s scapula, which is said formerly
to have hung as a sign in one of the streets of that town. Mr. Joseph
Clarke believes it was displayed at the KING’S HEAD, and it has on it an
almost illegible letter R, probably part of the monogram G. R.; but more
likely it formed the sign of the WHALEBONE at some house not now in
existence, or not under that name. Of the SUN AND WHALEBONE which has
existed at Latton since 1789 at least, the authors so frequently quoted
say that “it may have originated from a whalebone hanging outside the
house or [it may indicate] that the landlord had laid the foundation of
his fortune as a rag merchant.” More probably, however, its origin was
the impalement of two distinct signs. The sign-board is not pictorial.
This sign was very fully discussed in _Notes and Queries_ in 1862 (3rd
series, vol. i. pp. 250, 335, 359, 397, 419, and 473). Several most
profound speculations were advanced to account for it, but they were all
more or less far fetched. The WHALEBONE at Chadwell Heath has now
disappeared, though a beer-shop so named existed there until about the
year 1870. From it, in all probability, our four existing houses of this