The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
professional work, give to the Worcester School a foremost place among
New England Normal Schools. The method adopted for its study is one
which entirely leaves the beaten track of ordinary text-books. It does
not, in the earlier stages, trouble the student with the divisions and
generalities of pure psychology, but rather fixes his attention solely
on the child, and seeks to gain from actual observation and individual
and combined experience laws which shall be valuable aids in teaching.
“The principal requests the students to observe the conduct of children
in all circumstances--at home, at school, in the street, at work, at
play, in conversation with one another and with adults, and record
what they see and hear as soon as circumstances will permit.” The work
thus suggested has been organized as a definite part of the school
course, and although optional, is usually taken up by all students.
It is intended, not to supplant, but to supplement later systematic
instruction in psychology, and is taken up, not for the sake of the
facts gained, which may or may not be of intrinsic worth, but for the
value of the process of such observation to the teacher. In order to
help forward the systematic study of children, a scheme of work is
drawn up. Records are to be made whenever convenient, and for these
records blank sheets of six different colours are provided. The colours
are a means of roughly classifying the records into six groups, thus:
(i.) Facts of personal observation.
(ii.) Facts related by others, together with names of recorder and
observer.
(iii.) Personal reminiscences of childhood.
(iv.) Facts gained from books.
(v.) Observations on exceptional or defective children.
(vi.) Continuous observations.
Each record must contain the date of the observation, the observer’s
name, age, and post-office address, as well as the name or initials
of the child observed, its age, sex, nationality. There must be also
a statement of the length of time which has elapsed between the
observation and the record. These records are preserved and catalogued
under such heads as knowledge, imagination, feeling. Special attention
is being directed to the subject of child language, and pupils and old
students are supplied with small indexed books for records in this
particular department. Further opportunities for daily observation and
experiment in certain lines of child-study and in teaching are offered
in a newly organized children’s class or kindergarten. The students
merely watch the class, the teaching being entirely in the hands of two
experienced kindergartners. As the class exists for the acknowledged
purpose of experiment, tuition is free, and the teachers in charge have
full liberty to follow any course they wish. When I saw the school,
a long series of daily experiments were being made, with a view to
finding out whether, when left perfectly free, the boys secured places
next to girls by preference.