The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
It is usual for each Normal School to have attached to it a Model
School, which serves the double purpose of model and practising school
for students. The head of the Model School and her assistants are
experienced teachers, known as the critic teachers, and to the care and
supervision of these the students are submitted during their training
in practical teaching. All the Normal Schools I saw had such a Model
School except the one at Providence, Rhode Island.
The amount of time actually devoted to teaching by each student is
different in different States, and the plans by which the required
amount is secured for all vary in the different schools.
The State of Pennsylvania requires of its Normal School students
actual practice in teaching for one hour a day during three-fourths
of the last year of the Course; but students generally do more than
this. At Westchester, Pennsylvania, the students go into the Model
School in sections of six each morning after 10.30. A new section is
chiefly engaged in observing the children, and hearing lessons given
by the critic teachers or other students. Later, the students teach,
but always under supervision. The subject matter of their lessons is
definitely mapped out for them by the critic teacher, and they discuss
with her the best ways of treating it. There are no written notes of
lessons, and no public criticism of lessons, either by teachers or
students. Each week, meetings of teachers and students are held, for
the purpose of taking up any points noted during the students’ work of
the week. These are really talks supplementary to the ordinary method
lectures. At Millersville, Pennsylvania, each student gives two or
three lessons every day for a year. She teaches in different grades,
and takes lessons in different subjects, and has also practice in
managing simultaneously several divisions of one class.
At the Oswego Normal School, under the regulations of the New York
State, the student is in the schools only twenty weeks, but during this
time she has much responsibility. She spends ten weeks in a primary
or elementary grade, and ten weeks in a more advanced grade, and
during the whole time is practically responsible for her class. Each
afternoon, after the school is dismissed, the teaching class remains
for an hour to discuss any points of difficulty with the Head of the
Model School.
At Willimantic, Connecticut, the teaching class spends its first four
weeks in general observation of children, and hearing lessons. Then
each student is placed under the supervision of one special critic
teacher, and she continues some of the courses of work already begun by
the critic teacher. At least four weeks are spent by each student in
every grade in the school, first in observing, then in teaching under
the criticism of the class teacher.