The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
“Methods” of subjects are taught in great detail, and on the same
lines as in the State Normal Schools--viz., by means of lessons in
the various subjects given to the students themselves. I heard a very
interesting lesson in methods of arithmetic. A class of twenty girls
were, by very skilful questioning, made to thoroughly discuss the
process of simple addition, and also the methods of teaching children
to realize numbers greater than ten. I heard, too, very skilful
teaching in methods of English--viz., a literature lesson, and a first
lesson in English composition. In the literature lesson, the teacher
first reminded her pupils of the various poems and prose selections
studied during the term. After having given short explanations, she
read selections from other authors. Then the students were asked if
these new selections reminded them of any parts in the poems already
studied, and when the suggested parts had been quoted, the class was
set to discover whether the similarity was in the subject matter, the
underlying thought or the mode of expression. Many suggestions were
given by the class, and much interest was aroused. The lesson was a
most helpful illustration of how a teacher should stimulate her class,
and how she should use her materials for the purpose of training.
The study of methods of training occupies a prominent place in the
curriculum of the school, and includes special work in illustrative
drawing on the blackboard in connection with the teaching of geography,
and the drawing of plants and animals. As part of the course on
gymnastics, each student, besides studying the theory and doing daily
drill, must act for one term as leader and teacher of drill, and must
criticise drill lessons.
Practical work in the schools is arranged for each term. In the
first half-year, the students’ work in the training school consists
chiefly in observing methods of teaching, and hearing lessons, under
the guidance of the critic teacher. She does not begin to teach in
the school until the second term, two weeks of which she spends in a
primary grade, and two weeks in a higher or grammar grade. In the third
term she spends eight weeks in the schools, and in the fourth term four
weeks. It is usual for each student, while in the schools, to give two
or three lessons every day, under the supervision of the class teacher
with whom she is placed. The teacher criticises and suggests in all
cases. In the advanced course, students take up a further study of the
principles of education. They also study the history of education, give
more time to actual teaching in the schools, and act as substitutes in
the city schools.