The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
In addition to the Boston Training School, there are fourteen city
training schools in the State of Massachusetts. In all these the time
of training is fixed from one to two years; admission is by the High
School graduation certificate, or an equivalent entrance examination,
and is only at fixed annual times; a school is attached for practice,
and the teacher at its head conducts the training class.
At the Springfield Training School the course may be extended to two
years. A little academic work is done in science during the first
term. Methods are treated of by means of lectures and discussions,
and these, with organized observation of children and a few criticism
lessons, constitute the practical work from September until Christmas.
At Christmas, systematic psychology begins, and also teaching in
the schools for one hour a day. The subjects of the lessons are
chosen by the critic teacher, and the teaching is in all cases under
supervision. At Easter the student begins to teach three hours a day,
and occasionally has to give lessons in public. These, however, are not
considered as test-lessons. Certificates to teach in the schools of the
city are granted on the results of an examination, held by the City
Board of Education each year.
At Newhaven, Connecticut, the City Training School has more than
thirty students. The course is a year in length, the first half of
which is devoted entirely to theoretical subjects, and the last half
to teaching. Here, as at the Worcester Normal School, I found students
being introduced to methods of psychological experimentation, more
especially in the senses of sight and hearing. It is interesting to
notice that these are special lines of research in the psychological
laboratory of Yale University. I saw the records of several students
who had been finding the average voice pitch of thirty children.
The tendency in all the psychological teaching here was to make
the subject really experimental, and the results those of actual
observation. The history of education is not taught by means of set
lectures, but topics are announced from time to time, with references
for the students’ reading. After the class has collected facts on a
certain subject, the teacher supplements the facts already given by
selections from other books, and references to other parts of the
subject. In treating the history of education in each country, general
chronological order is followed, and the facts of each period are
studied under four heads:
Religion, social and political movements; extent of education;
character of education; methods of education.