Ocellus Lucanus on the nature of the universe : $b Taurus, the Platonic philosopher, on the eternity of the world. Julius Firmicus Maternus of the thema mundi. Select theorems on the perpetuity of time, by Proclus. — Plato — John Shaqi
Ocellus Lucanus on the nature of the universe : $b Taurus, the Platonic philosopher, on the eternity of the world. Julius Firmicus Maternus of the thema mundi. Select theorems on the perpetuity of time, by Proclus.
Plato · en
Taurus, in his Commentaries on the Timæus of Plato, says: “In the
investigation, whether according to Plato the world is unbegotten,
philosophers differ in their opinions. For Aristotle asserts that
Timæus says the world was generated[31]. And Theophrastus also, in his
treatise On Physical Opinions, says that, according to Plato, the world
was generated, and therefore writes in opposition to him. At the same
time, however, he asserts that Timæus perhaps supposed the world to be
generated, for the sake of perspicuity. Certain other persons also infer,
that, according to Plato, the world was generated. But, again, others
contend that Plato believed the world to be unbegotten. Since, however,
those who assert that the world was generated, cite many other words
of Plato, and likewise the passage in which Plato[32] says, ‘the world
was generated, for it is visible and tangible;’ this being the case, it
is requisite to direct our attention to the different ways in which a
thing is said to be generated, and thus we shall know that Plato asserts
the world to be generated, not according to the signification in which
we affirm this of things which derive their subsistence from a certain
temporal beginning. For this it is which deceives the multitude, when
they conceive the word _generated_ to imply a temporal origin. A thing,
therefore, is said to be generated, which never indeed had a beginning
in time, but yet is in the same genus with generated natures. Thus we
call a thing visible, which is not seen, nor has been seen, nor will be
seen, but yet is in the same genus with things of a visible nature. And
this will take place with a body which may exist about the centre of the
earth. That also is said to be generated, which, in mental conception,
subsists as a composite, though it never has been a composite. Thus, in
music, the middle chord is said to be composed of the lowest and highest
chord. For though it is not thus composed, yet there is perceived in it
the power of the one with reference to the other. The like also takes
place in flowers and animals. In the world, therefore, composition and
mixture are perceived; according to which, we are able to withdraw
and separate qualities from it, and resolve it into a first subject.
The world also is said to be generated, because it always subsists in
becoming to be, like Proteus changing into all-various forms; hence,
with respect to the world, the earth, and the natures, as far as to the
moon, are continually changed into each other. But the natures above the
moon are as to their subject nearly the same, sustaining only a small
mutation. They change, however, according to figure; just as a dancer
being one and the same according to subject, is changed into various
forms by a certain gesture and motion of the hands. The celestial bodies,
therefore, are thus changed, and different habitudes of them take place,
between the motions of the planets with reference to the fixed stars, and