Ocellus Lucanus on the nature of the universe : $b Taurus, the Platonic philosopher, on the eternity of the world. Julius Firmicus Maternus of the thema mundi. Select theorems on the perpetuity of time, by Proclus. — Plato — John Shaqi
Ocellus Lucanus on the nature of the universe : $b Taurus, the Platonic philosopher, on the eternity of the world. Julius Firmicus Maternus of the thema mundi. Select theorems on the perpetuity of time, by Proclus.
Plato · en
Plato, however, for the sake of discipline, speaks of the world which
is unbegotten, as if it was generated.” Shortly after this, Taurus
says, “What, therefore, are the causes through which the world being
unbegotten, is supposed to be generated?” Both these inquiries[33],
indeed, deserve to be philosophically investigated. For one of them
excites to piety, but the other is assumed for the sake of elucidation.
For Plato, knowing that the multitude apprehend that alone to be a cause
which has a precedency in time, and not conceiving it to be possible for
anything otherwise to be a cause, and also inferring, that, from this
opinion, they might be led to disbelieve in the existence of Providence;
wishing likewise to inculcate this dogma, that the world is governed by
Providence, he tacitly manifests it to those who are abundantly able to
understand that the world is unbegotten according to time; but to those
who are not able to understand this, he indicates that it is generated.
He is also anxious that they may believe this, in order that at the
same time they may be persuaded in the existence of Providence. But the
second cause which induced Plato thus to write, is this,—that assertions
are then more clear, when we meet with them as with things which
actually take place. Thus geometricians compose diagrams as if they were
generated, though they are not composites. And Euclid defines a circle,
as being more simple, to be a plane figure, comprehended under one line,
to which all lines falling from one point within the figure are equal
to each other. But wishing to explain a sphere, he defines it, as if it
was among the number of things generated, to be formed by the revolution
of a semicircle about the diameter, until it returns to the same point
from which it began to be moved. If, however, he had intended to explain
the sphere which already existed, he would have defined it to be a solid
figure, comprehended under one superficies, to which all right lines
falling from one point within the figure, are equal to each other. But
it was usual with Plato, for the sake of discipline, to unfold things
which are without generation[34], as if they were generated. Thus, in
the Republic, he introduces the city as being made, in order that in the
formation of it, the generation of justice might become more manifest.
When, however, Theophrastus says, that perhaps Plato speaks of the world
as generated for the sake of elucidation, just as we consider geometrical
diagrams to be generated, perhaps generation does not subsist similarly
in diagrams. Aristotle also asserts the same thing; for he says, that
in diagrams it is not proper in the beginning to suppose contraries,
but this is to be admitted in the generation of the world; just as if
some one should suppose motion and rest, order and disorder. Neither,
therefore, do all things require invariable paradigms; but the examples
show that it is not more obvious to assert that the world is generated,