Platonic analogy between mental goodness and bodily health--incomplete analogy--circumstances of difference _ib._ Sokrates in the Gorgias speaks like a dissenter among a community of fixed opinions and habits. Impossible that a dissenter, on important points, should acquire any public influence 364 Sokrates feels his own isolation from his countrymen. He is thrown upon individual speculation and dialectic 365 Antithesis between philosophy and rhetoric _ib._ Position of one who dissents, upon material points, from the fixed opinions and creed of his countrymen 366 Probable feelings of Plato on this subject--Claim put forward in the Gorgias of an independent _locus standi_ for philosophy, but without the indiscriminate cross-examination pursued by Sokrates 367 Importance of maintaining the utmost liberty of discussion. Tendency of all ruling orthodoxy towards intolerance 368 Issue between philosophy and rhetoric--not satisfactorily handled by Plato. Injustice done to rhetoric. Ignoble manner in which it is presented by Polus and Kalliklês 369 Perikles would have accepted the defence of rhetoric, as Plato has put it into the mouth of Gorgias 370 The Athenian people recognise a distinction between the pleasurable and the good: but not the same as that which Plato conceived 371 Rhetoric was employed at Athens in appealing to all the various established sentiments and opinions. Erroneous inferences raised by the Kalliklês of Plato 373 The Platonic Idéal exacts, as good, some order, system, discipline. But order may be directed to bad ends as well as to good. Divergent ideas about virtue 374 How to discriminate the right order from the wrong. Plato does not advise us 375 The Gorgias upholds the independence and dignity of the dissenting philosopher _ib._ CHAPTER XXV. PHÆDON. The Phædon is affirmative and expository 377 Situation and circumstances assumed in the Phædon. Pathetic interest which they inspire _ib._ Simmias and Kebês, the two collocutors with Sokrates. Their feelings and those of Sokrates 378 Emphasis of Sokrates in insisting on freedom of debate, active exercise of reason, and independent judgment for each reasoner 379 Anxiety of Sokrates that his friends shall be on their guard against being influenced by his authority--that they shall follow only the convictions of their own reason 380 Remarkable manifestation of earnest interest for reasoned truth and the liberty of individual dissent 381 Phædon and Symposion--points of analogy and contrast 382 Phædon--compared with Republic and Timæus. No recognition of the triple or lower souls. Antithesis between soul and body 383 Different doctrines of Plato about the soul. Whether all the three souls are immortal, or the rational soul alone 385 The life and character of a philosopher is a constant struggle to emancipate his soul from his body. Death alone enables him to do this completely 386