[Footnote 296: Plato, Republ. ix. pp. 583 E-584 A. [Greek: O(\ metaxu\ a)/ra nu=n dê\ a)mphote/rôn e)/phamen ei)=nai, tê\n ê(suchi/an, tou=to/ pote a)mpho/tera e)/stai, lu/pê te kai\ ê(donê/ . . . Ê)= kai\ dunato\n to\ mêde/tera o)\n a)mpho/tera gi/gnesthai? Ou)/ moi dokei=. Kai\ mê\n to/ ge ê(du\ e)n psuchê=| gigno/menon kai\ to\ lupêro\n ki/nêsi/s tis a)mphote/rô e)/ston? ê)\ ou)/? Nai/. To\ de\ mê/te ê(du\ mê/te lupêro\n ou)chi\ ê(suchi/a me/ntoi kai\ e)n me/sô| tou/tôn e)pha/nê a)/rti? E)pha/nê ga/r. Pô=s ou)=n o)rthô=s e)/sti to\ mê\ a)lgei=n ê(du\ ê(gei=sthai, ê)\ to\ mê\ chai/rein a)niaro/n? Ou)damô=s. Ou)k e)/stin a)/ra tou=to, a)lla\ phai/netai, para\ to\ a)lgeino\n ê(du\ kai\ para\ to\ ê(du\ a)lgeino\n to/te ê( ê(suchi/a, kai\ ou)de\n u(gie\s tou/tôn tô=n phantasma/tôn pro\s ê(donê=s a)lê/theian, a)lla\ goêtei/a tis.]] [Side-note: Most men know nothing of true and pure pleasure. Simile of the Kosmos--Absolute height and depth.] Take, for example, the pleasures of smell, which are true and genuine pleasures, of great intensity: they spring up instantaneously without presupposing any anterior pain--they depart without leaving any subsequent pain.[297] These are true and pure pleasures, radically different from cessation of pain: so also true and pure pains are different from cessation of pleasure. Most of the so-called pleasures, especially the more intense, which reach the mind through the body, are in reality not pleasures at all, but only cessations or reliefs from pain. The same may be said about the pleasures and pains of anticipation belonging to these so-called bodily pleasures.[298] They may be represented by the following simile:--There is in nature a real Absolute Up and uppermost point--a real Absolute Down and lowest point--and a centre between them.[299] A man borne from the lowest point to the centre will think himself moving upwards, and will be moving upwards relatively. If his course be stopped in the centre, he will think himself at the absolute summit--on looking to the point from which he came, and ignorant as he is of any thing higher. If he be forced to return from the centre to the point from whence he came, he will think himself moving downwards, and will be really moving downwards, absolutely as well as relatively. Such misapprehension arises from his not knowing the portion of the Kosmos above the centre--the true and absolute Up or summit. Now the case of pleasure and pain is analogous to this. Pain is the absolute lowest--Pleasure the absolute highest--non-pleasure, non-pain, the centre intermediate between them. But most men know nothing of the region above the centre, or the absolute highest--the region of true and pure pleasure: they know only the centre and what is below it, or the region of pain. When they fall from the centre to the point of pain, they conceive the situation truly, and they really are pained: but when they rise from the lowest point to the centre, they misconceive the change, and