Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries — Plato — John Shaqi
Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Plato · en
In Spenser the adventures of Arthur, in whom heavenly grace is commonly
recognized, have no moral significance in the progress of the Knight
aided by him toward the realization of virtue. Arthur frees the Red
Cross Knight from Orgoglio and Duessa, but the Red Cross Knight is,
morally speaking, the same man after he is freed as before; the
adventure of Arthur answers to no change significant in the moral order
of his life as this is revealed in holiness. The realization of holiness
as an intimate experience of the soul is achieved only after the
Knight’s training on the Mount of Heavenly Contemplation, which follows
all his preceding discipline in the Christian graces; for this has left
him a “man of earth.” In the legend of temperance the efficacy of grace
is no more vital, and what is more, it is an intrusion upon the moral
order; it makes the soul untrue to itself and all that we know of her.
The logic of Guyon’s inner life did not require that Arthur should come
to his rescue after he had shown his ability to remain temperate under
strong emotion and in the presence of wantonness and covetousness. His
swoon at the end of the seventh canto has no more meaning than mere
bodily fatigue after toil; morally, Guyon should have been only the
stronger for his past victories over his passions. Arthur’s entrance at
the eighth canto, consequently, is not required: Spenser is only
paralleling in his second book Arthur’s advent in the eighth canto of
his first.
Similarly in “Comus.” When the younger brother inquires what that power
which The Lady possesses to keep herself unspotted in the presence of
lust may be, if it is not the strength of heaven, his elder companion
replies:
“I mean that too, but yet a hidden strength,
Which, if Heaven gave it, may be termed her own.
’Tis chastity, my brother, chastity.”
(ll. 418–420.)
So The Lady herself witnesses, when in the great crisis of her life she
appeals to faith, hope, and chastity; _if need were_, she is confident
that heaven would send an angel to her defence.
“O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,
Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings,
And thou unblemished form of Chastity!
I see ye visibly, and now believe
That He, the Supreme Good, to whom all things ill
Are but as slavish officers of vengeance,
Would send a glistering guardian, if need were,
To keep my life and honour unassailed.”
(ll. 212–220.)
And the Guardian Spirit, in whose parting words is found the moral of
the poem, explains the same idea of the self-sufficiency of the virtuous
soul.