Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries — Plato — John Shaqi
Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Plato · en
But he does more than this; he presents her not only as wisdom, but as
true beauty. Spenser is so thoroughly convinced of the truth of that
fundamental idea of Platonic ethics, that truth and beauty are
identical, that he shows their union in the character of Una, in whom,
as her name signifies, they are one. Plato had taught that the highest
beauty which the soul can know is wisdom, which, though invisible to
sight, would inflame the hearts of men in an unwonted degree could there
be a visible image of her. In his “Phædrus” he had stated that “sight is
the most piercing of our bodily senses; though not by that is wisdom
seen; her loveliness would have been transporting if there had been a
visible image of her.” (250.) Convinced, as Spenser was, of the
spiritual nature of the beauty of wisdom, he carefully avoids dwelling
upon any detail of Una’s physical beauty. The poetic form of allegory,
through which his ideas were to be conveyed, required the
personification of truth, and the romantic character of chivalry
demanded that his Knight should have a lady to protect. The progress of
the action of the poem, moreover, made necessary some reference to the
details of Una’s form and feature. (Cf. I. iii. 4–6; vi. 9.) But in no
instance where the physical form of Una is brought to notice is there
any trace of the poet’s desire to concentrate attention upon her
physical charms. In this respect Una stands distinctly apart from all
his other heroines, and especially Belphœbe. And yet Spenser has taken
the greatest care to show that the source of Una’s influence over those
that come into her presence lies in the power exerted by her beauty; but
this is the beauty of her whole nature, a penetrating radiance of light
revealing the soul that is truly wise. Indeed, when Spenser has the best
of opportunities to describe Una, after she has laid aside the black
stole that hides her features, he contents himself with a few lines,
testifying only to their radiant brilliancy:
“Her angels face
As the great eye of heaven shyned bright,
And made a sunshine in the shadie place.”
(I. iii. 4.)
In other instances he directs our attention to the power which the mere
sight of her has upon the beholder. Her beauty can tame the raging lion
and turn a ravenous beast into a strong body-guard who finds his duty in
the light of her fair eyes:
“It fortuned out of the thickest wood
A ramping Lyon rushed suddainly,
Hunting full greedie after salvage blood;
Soone as the toy all virgin he did spy,
With gaping mouth at her ran greedily,
To have attonce devour’d her tender corse:
But to the pray when as he drew more ny,
His bloudie rage asswaged with remorse,
And with the sight amazd, forgat his furious forse.”
(I. iii. 5.)
“The Lyon would not leave her desolate,