The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
_Men._ I should say that health is the same, both in man and
woman.
[Sidenote: Health and strength, and virtue and temperance and justice are
the same both in men and women.]
_Soc._ And is not this true of size and strength? If a
woman is strong, she will be strong by reason of the same
form and of the same strength subsisting in her which
there is in the man. I mean to say that strength, as
strength, whether of man or woman, is the same. Is there
any difference?
_Men._ I think not.
[Sidenote: _The sameness of virtue._]
_Soc._ And will not virtue, as virtue, be the same, whether 73
in a child or in a grown-up person, in a woman or in a
man?
_Men._ I cannot help feeling, Socrates, that this case is
different from the others.
_Soc._ But why? Were you not saying that the virtue of a
man was to order a state, and the virtue of a woman was to
order a house?
_Men._ I did say so.
_Soc._ And can either house or state or anything be well
ordered without temperance and without justice?
_Men._ Certainly not.
_Soc._ Then they who order a state or a house temperately
or justly order them with temperance and justice?
_Men._ Certainly.
_Soc._ Then both men and women, if they are to be good
men and women, must have the same virtues of temperance
and justice?
_Men._ True.
_Soc._ And can either a young man or an elder one be good,
if they are intemperate and unjust?
_Men._ They cannot.
_Soc._ They must be temperate and just?
_Men._ Yes.
_Soc._ Then all men are good in the same way, and by participation
in the same virtues?
_Men._ Such is the inference.
_Soc._ And they surely would not have been good in the
same way, unless their virtue had been the same?
_Men._ They would not.
[Sidenote: Then what is virtue? Gorgias and Meno reply, ‘The power of
governing mankind.’]
_Soc._ Then now that the sameness of all virtue has been
proven, try and remember what you and Gorgias say that
virtue is.
_Men._ Will you have one definition of them all?
_Soc._ That is what I am seeking.
_Men._ If you want to have one definition of them all, I know
not what to say, but that virtue is the power of governing
mankind.
[Sidenote: _The nature of definition._]
_Soc._ And does this definition of virtue include all virtue?
Is virtue the same in a child and in a slave, Meno? Can
the child govern his father, or the slave his master; and
would he who governed be any longer a slave?
[Sidenote: But this cannot apply to all persons.]
_Men._ I think not, Socrates.
_Soc._ No, indeed; there would be small reason in that.
Yet once more, fair friend; according to you, virtue is ‘the
power of governing;’ but do you not add ‘justly and not
unjustly’?
_Men._ Yes, Socrates; I agree there; for justice is virtue.