The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
_Soc._ Would you say ‘virtue,’ Meno, or ‘a virtue’?
_Men._ What do you mean?
_Soc._ I mean as I might say about anything; that a round,
for example, is ‘a figure’ and not simply ‘figure,’ and I
should adopt this mode of speaking, because there are other
figures.
_Men._ Quite right; and that is just what I am saying about
virtue—that there are other virtues as well as justice.
_Soc._ What are they? tell me the names of them, as I would 74
tell you the names of the other figures if you asked me.
[Sidenote: Meno names the virtues, but is unable to get at the common
notion of them.]
_Men._ Courage and temperance and wisdom and magnanimity
are virtues; and there are many others.
_Soc._ Yes, Meno; and again we are in the same case: in
searching after one virtue we have found many, though not in
the same way as before; but we have been unable to find the
common virtue which runs through them all.
_Men._ Why, Socrates, even now I am not able to follow
you in the attempt to get at one common notion of virtue as of
other things.
_Soc._ No wonder; but I will try to get nearer if I can, for
you know that all things have a common notion. Suppose
now that some one asked you the question which I asked
before: Meno, he would say, what is figure? And if you
answered ‘roundness,’ he would reply to you, in my way of
speaking, by asking whether you would say that roundness is
‘figure’ or ‘a figure;’ and you would answer ‘a figure.’
_Men._ Certainly.
_Soc._ And for this reason—that there are other figures?
_Men._ Yes.
_Soc._ And if he proceeded to ask, What other figures are
there? you would have told him.
[Sidenote: _Illustrations._]
_Men._ I should.
_Soc._ And if he similarly asked what colour is, and you answered
whiteness, and the questioner rejoined, Would you
say that whiteness is colour or a colour? you would reply, A
colour, because there are other colours as well.
_Men._ I should.
_Soc._ And if he had said, Tell me what they are?—you
would have told him of other colours which are colours just
as much as whiteness.
_Men._ Yes.
[Sidenote: He has a similar difficulty about the nature of Figure.]
_Soc._ And suppose that he were to pursue the matter in my
way, he would say: Ever and anon we are landed in particulars,
but this is not what I want; tell me then, since you call
them by a common name, and say that they are all figures,
even when opposed to one another, what is that common
nature which you designate as figure—which contains straight
as well as round, and is no more one than the other—that
would be your mode of speaking?
_Men._ Yes.
_Soc._ And in speaking thus, you do not mean to say that the
round is round any more than straight, or the straight any
more straight than round?
_Men._ Certainly not.