The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum — Plato — John Shaqi
The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum
Plato · en
126. _Socr._ That is enough. For, if this also is twofold, one part of
it will be flattery, and a base popular speaking, but the other will be
honourable, namely, that which endeavours to make the souls of the
citizens as good as possible, and strives to speak what is best, whether
it be pleasant or unpleasant to the hearers. But you have never yet seen
this kind of rhetoric. Or, if you can mention any one of the
rhetoricians who is of this stamp, why do you not tell me who he is?
_Cal._ But, by Jupiter, I cannot instance to you any of the rhetoricians
of the present day.
_Socr._ But what? Can you instance any one of the ancients through whose
means the Athenians have become better, after he had begun to harangue
them, when previously they had been worse? For I know not who such a one
is.
_Cal._ What? Have you not heard that Themistocles was a good man, and
Cimon and Miltiades, and Pericles, who died lately, whom you have also
heard?
_Socr._ If that is true virtue, Callicles, which you before mentioned as
such, namely, for a man to gratify both his own desires and those of
others. But if this is not the case, but, as we were afterwards
compelled to confess, those desires which, when satisfied, make a man
better, ought to be indulged, but those which make him worse, not so,
and if there is a certain art in this, can you say that any one of these
was a man of this kind?
_Cal._ I know not what to say.
127. _Socr._ But if you seek well, you will find out. Let us however,
consider, and see quietly if any one of these was such. For come, is it
not true that a good man, who says what he says with a view to the best,
does not speak at random, but looking to some end? just as all other
artists, looking each to his own work, does not take at random and
employ what he employs in his work, but so that the subject he is at
work upon may have a certain form: for instance, if you will look at
painters, architects, shipwrights, and any other artists you please, you
will see that each places whatever he employs in a certain order, and
compels one thing to adapt itself to and harmonize with another, until
the whole workmanship is compacted together with order and regularity.
And moreover, those other artificers, whom we just now mentioned, who
are employed about the body, teachers of gymnastics, and physicians,
adorn the body in a way, and dispose it in an orderly manner. Do we
allow that this is so or not?
_Cal._ Let it be so.
128. _Socr._ A house, then, that has acquired order and regularity will
be a good house, but when disorder, a bad one.
_Cal._ I admit it.
_Socr._ And a ship in like manner?
_Cal._ Yes.
_Socr._ And do we not say the same with respect to our bodies?
_Cal._ Certainly.
_Socr._ But what as to the soul? when in a state of disorder will it be
in a good condition, or when it is in a state of order and regularity?
_Cal._ From what has been said, it is necessary to grant that the latter
must be the case.