The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum
Plato · en
_Socr._ What, then, in the body, is the name of that which results from
order and regularity?
_Cal._ You probably mean health and strength.
_Socr._ I do. But what, again, is the name of that which subsists in the
soul from order and regularity? Endeavour to discover and mention it, as
you did the name of the former.
_Cal._ Why do not you say what it is yourself, Socrates?
_Socr._ If it pleases you better, I will. But do you, if I seem to you
to speak well, assent, if not, confute, and do not spare me. To me,
then, it appears that the name belonging to the orderly disposition of
the body is the healthful, from which health springs, and every other
excellence of the body. Is it so, or not?
_Cal._ It is.
_Socr._ But the name belonging to the orderly and regular disposition of
the soul is the legitimate and law; whence men become obedient to law
and orderly; but these are justice and temperance. Do you admit this or
not?
_Cal._ Be it so.
129. _Socr._ Will not, then, that good rhetorician who follows the rules
of art, looking to these things, address the arguments he uses and all
his actions to souls, and if he should bestow a gift, will he not bestow
it, and, if he should take any thing away, will he not take it away
_with the same end_, always directing his attention to this, that
justice may be produced in the souls of his fellow-citizens, and
injustice banished; that temperance may be produced in them, and
intemperance banished; and, in short, that every virtue may be planted
in them, but vice driven out. Do you grant this, or not?
_Cal._ I do grant it.
_Socr._ For where is the utility, Callicles, in giving a body diseased,
and ill-disposed, abundance of the most agreeable food or drink, or any
thing else, which will not be more profitable to it than the contrary,
but, according to right reason, even less? Is this so?
_Cal._ Be it so.
_Socr._ For I think it is of no advantage for a man to live with a
miserable state of body; for thus it would be necessary for him to live
miserably: is it not so?
_Cal._ Yes.
_Socr._ And do not physicians generally allow a man in health to satisfy
his desires, as, for instance, when hungry to eat as much as he pleases,
or when thirsty to drink, but when ill, they scarcely ever allow him to
satisfy himself with what he desires? Do you grant this too?
_Cal._ I do.
130. _Socr._ And should not the same method, my excellent friend, be
adopted with respect to the soul? So long as it is depraved, as being
without understanding, intemperate, unjust and unholy, one ought to
restrain it from the indulgence of its desires, and not permit it to do
any thing except what will render it better? Do you admit this or not?
_Cal._ I do.
_Socr._ For this surely is better for the soul itself.
_Cal._ Certainly.
_Socr._ And is not to restrain any one from what he desires to punish
him?
_Cal._ Yes.
_Socr._ To be punished, therefore, is better for the soul than
intemperance, as you just now thought.