Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden — Voltaire — John Shaqi
Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden
Voltaire · en
The Danes were, indeed, fortunate in dealing with a conqueror who
prided himself on his justice. A congress was summoned to meet in
the town of Tevendal on the frontiers of Holstein. The Swedish King
would not allow diplomacy on the part of the ministers to lengthen the
proceedings; he wanted the treaty settled with the same rapidity with
which he had invaded Zeeland. As a matter of fact it was concluded on
the 5th of August to the advantage of the Duke of Holstein, who was
indemnified for all the expenses of the war and freed from oppression.
The King of Sweden would make no claims on his own behalf, being
satisfied with having helped his ally and humbled his enemy. Thus
Charles XII, at eighteen years old, began and ended this war in less
than six weeks.
Just at the same time the King of Poland laid siege in person to the
town of Riga, the capital of Livonia, and the Czar was marching from
the East at the head of 100,000 men. Riga was defended by the old
Count D’Alberg, a Swedish general who, at the age of eighty, combined
the enthusiasm of youth with the experience of sixty campaigns. Count
Fleming, afterwards minister for Poland, a man great both in the field
and at the council board, together with M. Patkul, carried on the
siege under the directions of the King; in spite of several advantages
gained by the besiegers the experience of the old Count D’Alberg
counteracted all their efforts, and the King of Poland despaired of
gaining the town. At last he got an honourable pretext for raising
the siege; Riga was full of merchandise belonging to the Dutch; the
States-General ordered their ambassador at the Court of Augustus to
make representations to him on the subject. The King of Poland did
not require much pressing, but consented to raise the siege rather
than occasion the least inconvenience to his allies, who were not much
surprised at his ready compliance, as they knew the cause of it.
The only thing left to Charles to complete his first campaign was to
march against his rival for glory, Peter Alexiowitz. He was the more
angry with him because there were at Stockholm three ambassadors who
had just sworn to an inviolable peace: he who prided himself on his
probity could not understand how a legislator like the Czar could make
light of what should be held sacred. The young and honourable Prince
never dreamed that there might be one code of morality for princes
and another for private individuals. The Russian Emperor published a
manifesto which he had much better have suppressed: he gave as reason
for war that he had not been sufficiently honoured when he passed
incognito to Riga, and also that provisions were sold too dear to his
ambassadors. These were the grievances for which he ravaged Ingria with
80,000 men.