The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_k_) “So my preface remains yet unanswered. Either I was extrinsically
and inevitably predetermined to write this discourse, without any
concurrence of mine in the determination, and without any power in me to
change or oppose it, or I was not so predetermined. If I was, then I
ought not to be blamed, for no man is justly blamed for doing that which
never was in his power to shun. If I was not so predetermined, then mine
actions and my will to act, are neither compelled nor necessitated by
any extrinsical causes, but I elect and choose, either to write or to
forbear, according to mine own will and by mine own power. And when I
have resolved and elected, it is but a necessity of supposition, which
may and doth consist with true liberty, not a real antecedent necessity.
The two horns of this dilemma are so straight, that no mean can be
given, nor room to pass between them. And the two consequences are so
evident, that instead of answering he is forced to decline them.
ANIMADVERSIONS UPON HIS REPLY NO. III.
(_a_) “Thus much I will maintain, that this is no true necessity, which
he calleth necessity; nor that liberty which he calleth liberty; nor
that the question, which he makes the question,” &c. “For the clearing
whereof, it behoveth us to know the difference between these three,
_necessity_, _spontaneity_, and _liberty_.”
I did expect, that for the knowing of the difference between
_necessity_, _spontaneity_, and _liberty_, he would have set down their
definitions. For without these, their difference cannot possibly appear.
For how can a man know how things differ, unless he first know what they
are? which he offers not to shew. He tells us that _necessity_ and
_spontaneity_ may meet together, and _spontaneity_ and _liberty_; but
_necessity_ and _liberty_ never; and many other things impertinent to
the purpose. For which, because of the length, I refer the reader to the
place. I note only this, that _spontaneity_ is a word not used in common
English; and they that understand Latin, know it means no more than
_appetite_, or _will_, and is not found but in living creatures. And
seeing, he saith, that _necessity_ and _spontaneity_ may stand together,
I may say also, that _necessity_ and _will_ may stand together, and then
is not the will free, as he would have it, from necessitation. There are
many other things in that which followeth, which I had rather the reader
would consider in his own words, to which I refer him, than that I
should give him greater trouble in reciting them again. For I do not
fear it will be thought too hot for my fingers, to shew the vanity of
such words as these, _intellectual appetite_, _conformity of the
appetite to the object_, _rational will_, _elective power of the
rational will_; nor understand I how reason can be the root of true
liberty, if the Bishop, as he saith in the beginning, had the liberty to
write this discourse. I understand how objects, and the conveniences and