[33] With flame-like undulating-edges “so as to break the flesh all in pieces” (C. Elton’s _Origins of English History_, p. 116). The characteristic La Tène ornament is found chiefly on the sword-sheaths, the helmets, and the shields. The La Tène fibulæ are derivatives of the “safety-pin,” and usually have the tail end bent backwards, as in the Marnian fibulæ in France and the Late-Celtic fibulæ in England. [Illustration: BRONZE ARMLET OF THE LA TÈNE PERIOD FROM GERMANY] [Illustration: BRONZE ARMLET OF THE LA TÈNE PERIOD FROM LONGIROD (VAUD)] [Illustration: BRONZE ARMLET OF THE LA TÈNE PERIOD FROM THE CEMETERIES OF THE MARNE] The Gaulish culture in France corresponding with that of La Tène in Switzerland has been called “Marnian” by the French archæologists because the principal remains of this period have been found in the cemeteries of the Department of the Marne. A list of seventy-two such Marnian cemeteries (some of which contained as many as 450 graves) is given by A. Bertrand in his _Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise_, p. 358. The objects obtained from these cemeteries are fully illustrated in the _Dictionnaire Archéologique de la Gaule_, and in Léon Morel’s _La Champagne souterraine_ (_Album_). The best collections are those in the Museum of Saint-Germain and the British Museum. M. Bertrand fixes the date of the Marnian cemeteries at from 350 to 200 B.C., the period between the time when bronze weapons ceased to be used, and the introduction of a national coinage into Gaul. [Illustration: Ornament on Bronze Sword-sheath from La Tène] From the point of view of art, two of the most interesting burials discovered in the Departement du Marne are those at Berru[34] and Gorge-Meillet[35] of warriors interred with their chariots, horses, and complete military equipment, including two bronze helmets, which show the kind of decoration prevalent at the period, and afford a link between the Marnian style in Gaul and the Late-Celtic style in Britain. The burials at Berru and Gorge-Meillet correspond very nearly with those at Arras, Danes’ Graves, and elsewhere, in the portion of Yorkshire occupied by the Celtic tribe of the Parisi. [34] A. Bertrand’s _Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise_, p. 356. [35] E. Fourdriguier’s _Double Sépulture Gauloise de la Gorge-Meillet_. [Illustration: Gaulish Helmet of Bronze from Gorge-Meillet] [Illustration: CASQUE DE BERRU. (MARNE.) dé couvert dans la Creuere Gaulois. GAULISH HELMET OF BRONZE FROM BERRU (MARNE)] The Marnian cemeteries belong to the second Iron Age of Central Europe after 400 B.C., but in the commune of Magny Lambert (Côte-d’or), near the source of the river Seine, tumuli have been opened containing long iron swords and bronze situlæ of distinctly Hallstatt type.