The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal
John Stuart Mill · en
At the limits of tree growth, one cold March day, I came upon the tracks
of a grizzly bear descending the mountain. I back-tracked them and
found the den in which the grizzly had spent the winter. The inside of
the den was gravelly and comparatively clean. Only this single line of
tracks led from the den, though the weather had been clear for a week;
so I judged this was the first time the grizzly had sauntered forth. It
was just sundown when I reached the den. The heights were icy, and I
hesitated about continuing across the Divide that night, so concluded to
occupy the den. I knew that bears often take a short ramble in the
spring and then return to the den, but I took the chances of sharing it
with him. I do not know what the grizzly did that night--whether or not
he came back. But my fire in the mouth of the den may have kept him at
bay.
The hard, cracked skin on the soles of the grizzly's feet is shed during
hibernation, and the feet in spring are soft and tender. For several
days he avoids traveling over rough places. His claws grow out during
the winter rest, also. When he goes to sleep they are worn, broken, and
blunt; but he comes out of winter quarters with claws long and
moderately pointed.
What is the grizzly's condition in the spring after months of fasting?
He has hibernated from three to five months, and in this time probably
has taken neither water nor food. First of all he comes forth fat and
not in the least hungry. The walls of his stomach have greatly
contracted, almost completely closing the interior. Two stomachs which I
saw taken from grizzlies killed early in the spring were as hard as
chunks of rubber, and had capacity for not more than two or three
spoonfuls. But when the grizzly reappears after his long winter sleep he
is as strong as ever and can run for hours or fight with normal
effectiveness.
He may not eat anything for a few days after leaving the den. For many
days he eats lightly, and it may be two weeks before he has a normal
appetite. His first food is likely to be the early, tender shoots of
plants or trees, tuberous roots, swelling buds, and green grass.
I once watched a grizzly for seven days after he emerged from his
hibernating-cave. His winter quarters were near timber-line on Battle
Mountain, at an altitude of nearly twelve thousand feet. The winter had
been of average temperature, but with scanty snow-fall. I saw him, by
chance, just as he left the den, on the first day of March. He walked
about aimlessly for an hour or more, then returned to his sleeping-place
without eating or drinking anything.