Ethical theory of Aristippus and the Kyrenaic philosophers 195 Prudence--good, by reason of the pleasure which it ensured, and of the pains which it was necessary to avoid. Just and honourable, by law or custom--not by nature 197 Their logical theory--nothing knowable except the phenomenal, our own sensations and feelings--no knowledge of the absolute 197 Doctrines of Antisthenes and Aristippus passed to the Stoics and Epikureans 198 Ethical theory of Aristippus is identical with that of the Platonic Sokrates in the Protagoras 199 Difference in the manner of stating the theory by the two 200 Distinction to be made between a general theory--and the particular application of it made by the theorist to his own tastes and circumstances 201 Kyrenaic theorists after Aristippus 202 Theodôrus--Annikeris--Hegesias _ib._ Hegesias--Low estimation of life--renunciation of pleasure--coincidence with the Cynics 203 Doctrine of Relativity affirmed by the Kyrenaics, as well as by Protagoras 204 CHAPTER IV. Xenophon. Xenophon--his character--essentially a man of action and not a theorist--the Sokratic element is in him an accessory 206 Date of Xenophon--probable year of his birth 207 His personal history--He consults Sokrates--takes the opinion of the Delphian oracle 208 His service and command with the Ten Thousand Greeks, afterwards under Agesilaus and the Spartans.--He is banished from Athens 209 His residence at Skillus near Olympia 210 Family of Xenophon--his son Gryllus killed at Mantineia _ib._ Death of Xenophon at Corinth--Story of the Eleian Exegetæ 211 Xenophon different from Plato and the other Sokratic brethren 212 His various works--Memorabilia, Oekonomikus, &c. 213 Ischomachus, hero of the Oekonomikus--ideal of an active citizen, cultivator, husband, house-master, &c. 214 Text upon which Xenophon insists--capital difference between command over subordinates willing and subordinates unwilling 215 Probable circumstances generating these reflections in Xenophon's mind 215 This text affords subjects for the Hieron and Cyropædia--Name of Sokrates not suitable 216 Hieron--Persons of the dialogue--Simonides and Hieron _ib._ Questions put to Hieron, view taken by Simonides. Answer of Hieron 217 Misery of governing unwilling subjects declared by Hieron 218 Advice to Hieron by Simonides--that he should govern well, and thus make himself beloved by his subjects 219 Probable experience had by Xenophon of the feelings at Olympia against Dionysius 220 Xenophon could not have chosen a Grecian despot to illustrate his theory of the happiness of governing willing subjects 222 Cyropædia--blending of Spartan and Persian customs--Xenophon's experience of Cyrus the Younger _ib._ Portrait of Cyrus the Great--his education--Preface to the Cyropædia 223