Xenophon does not solve his own problem--The governing aptitude and popularity of Cyrus come from nature, not from education 225 Views of Xenophon about public and official training of all citizens 226 Details of (so called) Persian education--Severe discipline--Distribution of four ages 227 Evidence of the good effect of this discipline--Hard and dry condition of the body 228 Exemplary obedience of Cyrus to the public discipline--He had learnt justice well--His award about the two coats--Lesson inculcated upon him by the Justice-Master 229 Xenophon's conception of the Sokratic problems--He does not recognise the Sokratic order of solution of those problems 230 Definition given by Sokrates of Justice--Insufficient to satisfy the exigencies of the Sokratic Elenchus 231 Biography of Cyrus--constant military success earned by suitable qualities--Variety of characters and situations 232 Generous and amiable qualities of Cyrus. Abradates and Pantheia 233 Scheme of government devised by Cyrus when his conquests are completed--Oriental despotism, wisely arranged 234 Persian present reality--is described by Xenophon as thoroughly depraved, in striking contrast to the establishment of Cyrus 236 Xenophon has good experience of military and equestrian proceedings--No experience of finance and commerce 236 Discourse of Xenophon on Athenian finance and the condition of Athens. His admiration of active commerce and variety of pursuits _ib._ Recognised poverty among the citizens. Plan for improvement 238 Advantage of a large number of Metics. How these may be encouraged _ib._ Proposal to raise by voluntary contributions a large sum to be employed as capital by the city. Distribution of three oboli per head per day to all the citizens _ib._ Purpose and principle of this distribution 240 Visionary anticipations of Xenophon, financial and commercial 241 Xenophon exhorts his countrymen to maintain peace 243 Difference of the latest compositions of Xenophon and Plato, from their point of view in the earlier 244 CHAPTER V. Life of Plato. Scanty information about Plato's life 246 His birth, parentage, and early education 247 Early relations of Plato with Sokrates 248 Plato's youth--service as a citizen and soldier 249 Period of political ambition 251 He becomes disgusted with politics 252 He retires from Athens after the death of Sokrates--his travels 253 His permanent establishment at Athens--386 B.C. _ib._ He commences his teaching at the Academy 254 Plato as a teacher--pupils numerous and wealthy, from different cities 255 Visit of Plato to the younger Dionysius at Syracuse, 367 B.C. Second visit to the same--mortifying failure 258 Expedition of Dion against Dionysius--sympathies of Plato and the Academy 259 Success, misconduct, and death of Dion _ib._ Death of Plato, aged 80, 347 B.C. 260 Scholars of Plato--Aristotle _ib._