What Nature prescribes in regard to the relations of the two sexes--Direct contradiction between Plato and Aristotle 194 Opinion of Plato respecting the capacities of women, and the training proper for women, are maintained in the Leges, as well as in the Republic. Ancient legends harmonising with this opinion 195 In a Commonwealth like the Platonic, the influence of Aphroditê would probably have been reduced to a minimum 197 Other purposes of Plato--limitation of number of Guardians--common to Aristotle also 198 Law of population expounded by Malthus--Three distinct checks to population--alternative open between preventive and positive _ib._ Plato and Aristotle saw the same law as Malthus, but arranged the facts under a different point of view 202 Regulations of Plato and Aristotle as to number of births and newborn children _ib._ Such regulations disapproved and forbidden by modern sentiment. Variability of ethical sentiment as to objects approved or disapproved 203 Plato and Aristotle required subordination of impulse to reason and duty--they applied this to the procreative impulse, as to others 204 Training of the few select philosophers to act as chiefs 205 Comprehensive curriculum for aspirants to philosophy--consummation by means of Dialectic 206 Valuable remarks on the effects of these preparatory studies 207 Differences between the Republic and other dialogues--no mention of reminiscence nor of the Elenchus _ib._ Different view taken by Plato in the Republic about Dialectic--and different place assigned to it 208 Contradiction with the spirit of other dialogues Parmenidês, &c. 209 Contradiction with the character and declarations of Sokrates 210 The remarks here made upon the effect of Dialectic upon youth coincide with the accusation of Melêtus against Sokrates 211 Contrast between the real Sokrates, as a dissenter at Athens, and the Platonic Sokrates, framer and dictator of the Platonic Republic _ib._ Idea of Good--The Chiefs alone know what it is--If they did not they would be unfit for their functions 212 What is the Good? Plato does not know; but he requires the Chiefs to know it. Without this the Republic would be a failure 213 CHAPTER XXXVIII. TIMÆUS AND KRITIAS. Persons and scheme of the Timæus and Kritias 215 The Timæus is the earliest ancient physical theory, which we possess in the words of its author 216 Position and character of the Pythagorean Timæus _ib._ Poetical imagination displayed by Plato. He pretends to nothing more than probability. Contrast with Sokrates, Isokrates, Xenophon 217 Fundamental distinction between Ens and Fientia 219 Postulates of Plato. The Demiurgus--The Eternal Ideas--Chaotic Materia or Fundamentum. The Kosmos is a living being and a God 220 The Demiurgus not a Creator--The Kosmos arises from his operating upon the random movements of Necessity. He cannot controul necessity--he only persuades _ib._