A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 05 — Voltaire — John Shaqi
A Philosophical Dictionary, Volume 05
Voltaire · en
"Gentlemen: I am a silk-weaver, and have worked at Lyons for
nineteen years. My wages have increased insensibly; at present I
get thirty-five sous per day. My wife, who makes lace, would get
fifteen more, if it were possible for her to devote her time to it;
but as the cares of the house, illness, or other things,
continually hinder her, I reduce her profit to ten sous, which
makes forty-five sous daily. If from the year we deduct eighty-two
Sundays, or holidays, we shall have two hundred and eighty-four
profitable days, which at forty-five sous make six hundred and
thirty-nine livres. That is my revenue; the following are my
expenses:
"I have eight living children, and my wife is on the point of being
confined with the eleventh; for I have lost two. I have been
married fifteen years: so that I annually reckon twenty-four livres
for the expenses of her confinements and baptisms, one hundred and
eight livres for two nurses, having generally two children out at
nurse, and sometimes even three. I pay fifty-seven livres rent and
fourteen taxes.
"My income is then reduced to four hundred and thirty-six livres,
or twenty-five sous three deniers a day, with which I have to
clothe and furnish my family, buy wood and candles, and support my
wife and six children.
"I look forward to holidays with dismay. I confess that I often
almost curse their institution. They could only have been
instituted by usurers and innkeepers.
"My father made me study hard in my youth, and wished me to become
a monk, showing me in that state a sure asylum against want; but I
always thought that every man owes his tribute to society, and that
monks are useless drones who live upon the labor of the bees.
Notwithstanding, I acknowledge that when I see John C----, with
whom I studied, and who was the most idle boy in the college,
possessing the first place among the _prémontrés_, I cannot help
regretting that I did not listen to my father's advice.
"This is the third holiday in Christmas, I have pawned the little
furniture I had, I am in a week's debt with my tradesman, and I
want bread--how are we to get over the fourth? This is not all; I
have the prospect of four more next week. Great God! Eight holidays
in ten days; you cannot have commanded it!
"One year I hoped that rents would diminish by the suppression of
one of the monasteries of the Capuchins and Cordeliers. What
useless houses in the centre of Lyons are those of the Jacobins,
nuns of St. Peter, etc. Why not establish them in the suburbs if
they are thought necessary? How many more useful inhabitants would
supply their places!